The increasing rate of urbanization in Nigeria has led to significant challenges in waste management, environmental sustainability, and resource efficiency. As cities expand, conventional waste management systems struggle to keep pace with rising waste generation, leading to pollution, inefficient resource utilization, and public health concerns. This study explores how the integration of smart city innovations and circular economy principles can transform waste management systems, fostering a more sustainable urban future. Through an in-depth analysis of emerging technologies, policy frameworks, and stakeholder engagement, the research identifies key strategies for leveraging IoT-enabled waste collection, AI-driven sorting, blockchain for waste tracking, and digital monitoring systems to enhance waste efficiency and promote sustainable recycling industries. The study also examines the role of urban governance, infrastructure investment, and public-private partnerships in driving the transition toward smart and sustainable waste management in Nigerian cities. Case studies from global smart city initiatives, as well as localized interventions within Nigeria, are analyzed to identify best practices and scalable solutions. Findings reveal that data-driven decision-making, waste-to-energy innovations, and community participation are critical components of an effective smart waste management ecosystem.
Additionally, the research highlights the economic opportunities associated with circular economy practices, such as job creation in waste recycling, value chain optimization, and the promotion of sustainable production models. Despite the promising benefits, challenges such as regulatory gaps, financial constraints, inadequate digital infrastructure, and limited public awareness pose significant barriers to implementation. The study concludes by recommending policy interventions, capacity-building programs, and investment in smart urban infrastructure to support the adoption of smart and circular economy-based waste management solutions. By aligning smart city development with circular economy principles, Nigerian cities can reduce environmental pollution, minimize landfill dependency, and enhance urban resilience, ultimately contributing to a greener and more sustainable future. This research offers valuable insights for policymakers, urban planners, technology developers, and waste management stakeholders, emphasizing the urgent need for a paradigm shift toward sustainable and technologically advanced urban waste management systems in Nigeria.